One way to address the problems associated with stormwater runoff and non point source pollution is through the installation of constructed stormwater wetlands. Properly designed, stormwater wetlands can decrease the frequency and severity of flooding while improving water quality by providing decentralization, desynchronization, detention, and treatment of stormwater flows. Constructed on-site or in-stream, wetlands should be integrated into an appropriate stormwater management strategy as part of a larger watershed management program.
Constructed stormwater wetlands provide the following benefits:
- Detention -
By collecting runoff that would ordinarily flow directly into local creeks, rivers, bays and estuaries, these wetlands trap and hold the water. They then release the stored water at a slower and more natural rate.
- Sediment Removal -
By slowing down the runoff and detaining it for a period of time, stormwater wetlands allow particulate matter to settle out through the process of sedimentation. The sediments are deposited in a location where they can then be easily removed, thus reducing the sediment load downstream.
- Water Treatment -
Constructed wetlands can provide an opportunity to treat stormwater flows before entering receiving waters, using the same physical and natural functions as described for wastewater treatment wetlands.
- Habitat Enhancement -
Stormwater wetlands quickly become valuable habitat for wildlife. Islands, stumps, and riparian vegetation can be specially placed and designed to enhance habitat values.
- Passive Recreation -
Stormwater wetlands can also provide more valuable open areas for activities such as bird watching, picnicking, walking and jogging.